This Post Is Rated: D for Duh! Warning. May cause you to seriously doubt the intelligence of the author. Last month I posted the first in my Fallible Design series: How I Went From Intellectual to Dumb Before I begin this second post I must issue a clarification on the subject of 'evolution'. It appears to me there is a lot of ignorance and omission from both evolutionists and creationists when debating this subject. I include myself when I say ignorance but perhaps it is more lazy thinking. The problem is that the whole 'Evolution vs Creationism' debate is framed wrong. When the term 'evolution' is used, it's far too indefinite and absolute. Thus creationists (who believe God created the universe) easily fall into the trap of arguing against the whole theory and appearing quite stupid. Creationists should not be arguing against 'evolution'. They should study it and argue on the specifics. Wikipedia defines the Theory of Evolution in 6 mechanisms (taken from condensed sources): - Adaption - "an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral trait that contributes to an individual's ability to survive and reproduce ('fitness') in competition with conspecifics in the environment in which it evolved" Williams
- Genetic Drift - "A change in the gene pool of a small population that takes place strictly by chance." - Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Gene Flow - "The transfer of alleles of genes from one population to another." - Wikipedia
- Mutation - "A change of the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome of an organism resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type." - Answers.com
- Natural Selection - "The process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common." - Wikipedia
- Speciation - "The process in which a new species is formed from an initial one." - Ridley
I've simplified the mechanisms described above as I'm not a scientist and don't intend to get tangled in the minute details. However some reading in detail is needed to be able to fully understand the differences between these mechanisms that form the basis of the evolutionary theory. Looking at the theory in more detail, as a creationist I would be an idiot to argue against genetic drift, gene flow or natural selection. The problems I and I assume almost all creationists have is with certain elements of adaption and mutation. I say 'certain elements' because it is clear mutation happens, but I disagree that mutations are heritable or transmutation occurs, for example. With this in mind, I intend to change the nature of the debate by redressing the terminology used. I recommend to Christians reading this, that if they intend to debate with evolutionists that argue on specifics such as adaption or transmutation. Debates should be titled to reflect this, eg. 'Creationism vs Adaption' (of course any Christians who disagree or have a better idea- feel free to discuss it in the forums). 'Creationism' itself is a bit of a misnomer because just as there are many complexities to evolution, there are numerous philosophies behind the creation of the universe. Creationism is not even strictly in conflict with evolution, it's not even totally in conflict with the big bang theory. One could happily accept a philosophy such as the clockmaker hypothesis (as is unconsciously popular in western culture) as well as the big bang and all the tenets of the evolutionary theory. With that in mind, I will now proceed with some questions that I have regarding evolution which lead me to doubt the theories of adaption, transmutation and speciation. 1. What happened to the giraffe? The accepted theory for the adaption of the giraffes long neck put forward by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in the 1700s was to reach the higher leaves on the trees. It is obvious that giraffes did not starve during this time they were growing their long necks, that there was plenty of vegetation to eat on the ground, so why did it happen at all? I could go on but this has been discussed already many times by people with far more knowledge than me (and not even creationists) - read The Nature Institute: The Giraffe's Short Neck. 2. How is adaption triggered? This is one thing that puzzles me. An animal either somehow finds itself in an alien environment, or it perceives one from afar (eg. fish to land). So over successive generations it's physiology transmutates (adapts) to be able to migrate and exist in that environment. Let's take it for granted that the first fish could observe land above the surface of the water. What is the secret ingredient that now tells the fish genes to start creating fish/mammal hybrids. Of course a creationist could argue God, but that's the easy way out. If not God (or a spiritual/energy/intelligent force if you're a naturalist), then we have to assume that the fish either consciously activated the adaption itself, or received the genetic requirements by some form of applied kinesiology (where the body responds to its environment). It's hard to imagine a simple life form such as a fish (which after millions of years of adaption still falls for the old maggot on a hook) consciously adapting itself, we humans can't even do it. Therefore applied kinesiology it is. 3. With the exclusion of a few nutbags, why don't creationists debate the theory of gravity, or the earth revolving around the sun? Yet the theories of adaption and transmutation still cause much debate. 4. Why does God exist? In opposition to the teaching of intelligent design, Bobby Henderson 'went public' with the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. Which had apparently been around, in secret, hundreds of years. Oddly, whilst being secret, the religion managed to retain "millions, if not thousands" of followers. Not a very good secret then. Yet I doubt any scrap of religious texts could be produced for the FSM could be produced that existed before 2005- which makes it not a very good religion. In fact, can the FSM really be proven to be the same religion it was hundreds of years ago, if no-one shared the secret and no proof existed before 2005? Enough of this nonsense, we all know it's parody, however back to adaption and transmutation. If we really did mutate from bacteria, adapting to new environments as required, how on earth did we adapt God into our environment? This is beyond applied kinesiology- this is some sort of defective mutation. We did not know about the FSM hundreds of years ago, because it did not exist (until an objector decided to respond with a parody). If some form of higher power did not exist, then we would not even know about it. 5. How many parallel universes? Why is it easier to believe in infinite parallel worlds than it is to believe a intelligent being (perhaps on the evolutionary scale) created our planet? Rather than objective reasoning, it seems to me that for people like Stephen Hawking any explanation but a being more advanced than humans will do. 6. Why do we sacrifice our lives, even for our own enemies or people we do not know? If sacrifice is the result of altruistic memes, then why do the memes continue to exist? Surely the memes would have been forgotten early during human development. How would a meme spread if its objective is to work against survival? If it is passed on by genes, why has it not been bred out- how do the sacrificial gene carrier transfer to a non-sacrificial gene carrier, unless you infer that sacrificial genes are also able to recognise sacrificial genes in others. Once again we have to ask how? Is this the same way an organism transmutates into an entirely different organism (see above)? Would it not mean that psychics and spiritualists are real because they are actually using their genes? 7. Why do we wear clothes, and why are we embarrassed by our bodies? Technically, anyone who is free from religion should automatically strip down and start living naked. The first thing that God did when Adam and Eve were discovered to have sinned, was to cover them up. Covering up and hiding parts of the body is deeply rooted in religiosity. So is this a meme that has refused to die? Why is Richard Dawkins still enslaved by this religious meme? Is it a gene that tells us to be ashamed of our own nakedness? Then why doesn't this gene prevent us from going into changing rooms, or revealing our nakedness to a sexual partner? Can the gene detect when it's safe to be naked and when it is not? Why then would someone who has the naked shame gene then be able to overcome that gene later in life to become a nudist? 8. Why do we feel injustice and suffering, why do we seek revenge, what is evil? I once accidentally kicked my dog, when he was a little pup, in the head. But there was never any trace of bitterness or revenge in the dog, we went on to have a healthy 'man and his dog' relationship. However, if we accidentally cut up another motorist, we see can see great examples of bitterness, resentment and hate in the form of road rage. Animals do not show signs of revenge or hate, whereas humans can hold on for a lifetime to one incident and exact revenge years later. Of course animals can exhibit patterns of aggression if under sustained mistreatment or threat (perceived or real). But for an uncharacteristic isolated incident of harm, an animal will not act in this way. Since we have adapted and mutated to our environment, and not the other way round, why do we perceive injustice and unfairness? Surely we would simply adapt to the new environment rather than complain. 9. Why can we conjure abstract thought and concepts? Why are we interested in entertainment? A human being will ignore all natural impulses to eat or survive to feed their appetite for entertainment or greed. 10. At what point did the first organisms become cannibalistic? At some point in the water, or after we crawled out of the water, some of us stopped eating plants and eating each other. Obviously this was not triggered by species survival, was it triggered by mutation? How could this be a slow process of evolving. What did the intermediary species eat while they were waiting for their vegetarian stomachs to turn into carnivore stomachs? This makes me think of dodos. The dodo became extinct through hunting. Like penguins and chickens, they were unable to fly. But why did some of those first land-mammals become birds? It can't be because of a desire to fly, or food supply, otherwise the dodos would have continued flying instead of getting lazy. It must have been to escape predators right? Well as we see by example of the dodo, the first bird would have never had a chance to get its feet off the ground. Why do chickens not fly the coup, to escape inevitable murder at the hands of the farmer? How long have we been eating chickens and they have not yet developed their wings enough to escape us? Aah but we provide for the chickens and do not feed on them to extinction. So who was there farming the first birds? Do we see any other examples in nature of one species farming another species? Is it even possible? The following is a question of contradictions in the Wikipedia article on introduction to evolution. Yes, I know it's Wikipedia, but shows that however naive or inconsistent creationists are in their explanations, evolutionists are just as bad: Key Points - Evolution does not mean "progress" towards an ultimate goal; in fact, evolution is not goal-driven. Organisms are merely the outcome of mutations that succeed or fail, dependent upon the environmental conditions at that time.
- Evolution is not a random process for creating new life forms. Mutations are (partly) random, but natural selection is far from random.
Well, which is it- is evolution random or not? - Evolution does not state that humans are descended from monkeys, or that human ancestors were monkeys. However, evolution implies that humans and present-day monkeys share a common ancestor.
- Evolution does not attempt to describe the process which brought forth life on earth (such as abiogenesis or some other method).
Why are these things often stated as fact? Why do evolutionist see the need to argue against creationism when it's clear the two are not in conflict (and more to the point, why do creationists respond on their terms)? "Evolution is one of the most successful scientific theories ever produced and is widely accepted by biological scientists. An understanding of evolution underlies all biological sciences and much of medicine." Really? how is that benchmarked. No-one disputes gravity so why is this the best? surely an undisputed unanimously agreed theory is the most successful? I have purposefully used my own questions, and not referenced the usual and repeated questions from the main debate, which can be googled. There really is a lack of common sense from both sides. I'm not a scientist so I'm not going to do a large cut and paste job of debunking scientific theories here, but at the same time, I have difficulty tolerating other people who are not scientists simply doing the same thing for the theory of transmutation. I do believe that creationists who want to argue against evolution have set themselves a difficult if not impossible task. Not only are they choosing to argue against a group of differing theories as one big theory (just as anti-theists attack 'religion' and lose by not discerning between different belief systems), they are choosing the wrong theory to attack. How are you going to convince someone who doesn't even believe in a higher power that the universe did not bang itself into existence? Evolution is the only reasonable explanation for them. The theory of Intelligent Design goes a step in the right direction, but even then the next acceptable theory after the big bang would be aliens, which still does not discount the big bang. On the other hand, anti-theists who want people to stop believing in God, are not going to get anywhere by using the theory of evolution. If you can convince someone of transmutation, it shouldn't affect their faith one bit. There's nothing to say that God could not be as active in transmutation as he is in creation. If you really want to rid the world of theism, then you need to study philosophy and find ways to defeat theists by reasoning, rather than by science (which is not the opposite of religion). Technorati Tags: religion, evolution, transmutation, creationism, intelligent design, science, big bang, meme, dawkins, hawking, genes, God DISCUSS THIS POST (Registration is free) Labels: apologetics, Christian Science, Fallible Design, Rated Duh, The Purpose Missing Church |